In 1914, railway was associated to steamship in the North China Daily News. This correlaiton suggests that railways was primarily advertised as a means of transportation. In 1924, railway industry was more systematically associated to mining, especially in the Shenbao (鐵路礦務實業 Tielukuangwu shiye). Such association reveals that railway was then considered/advertised as an industrial activity, rather than a means of transportation.