The attached graphs examine the institutions that employed Chinese Rotarians. Data comes from the series of Who's Who available through the Integrated Information System on Modern and Contemporary Characters (IISMCC) hosted by the Academia Sinica’s Institute of Modern History. The tables used for building the graphs are available in the "Tables" Section.
For analytical purposes, we classified the institutions into eleven categories (sorted by decreasing order of importance) (cf. graph) : associations (221 positions, 29%), private company (118, 15%), government and hospital (45, 6% each), international organizations (17, 2%), church (10, 1%), army (9, 1%), court (6, 1%), and other (6 positions, 1%), including political party (2 positions, less than 1%).
Based on this classification, we observe that associations were by far the best represented category, followed private companies, universities, government and hospitals. Except for associations, the distribution reflects the professional composition of the population of Chinese Rotarians we described earlier. While any Rotarian from any profession could hold positions in private companies (as owners, board members or managers), serve in the government (either as ministers, technical advisers or members of commission) or teach in universities, positions in hospitals reflect more specifically the prominence of medical practitioners in the club. International organizations referred mostly to diplomats, but also to Rotarians who attended international conferences, such as the Peace Conference in Versailles (1919-20) or the Washington disarmament conference (1921), as government official delegates or technical advisers. This suggests that the freshly established Republican government was eager to capitalize on foreign-trained elites because of their superior linguistic skills. Positions in the army referred to senior Rotarians who were old enough to participate in the Revolution (1911) or later served in the Nationalist Army, especially during the Northern Expedition (1926-27). Military positions often combined with political responsibilities as provincial governors. Positions in court applied exclusively to lawyers or graduates in law. That only two Rotarians were affiliated to political parties is hardly surprising. Indeed, Americanized Chinese were known for being politically more conservative than their counterparts educated in China, Japan or Europe (especially France). In addition, this perfectly fitted with Rotary’s principle of political neutrality.The two occurrences of political affiliation referred to membership in the Tongmenhui (early revolutionary party) or in the Nationalist Guomindang. There were no Communists among Rotarians, but this reflects a more general trend among American-educated elites in China.
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